Researchers at the Department of Developmental Biology at Stanford University School of Medicine in the United States have discovered that "feline silk proteins" play a key role in preventing chromosome cross-interference. These proteins form a protective coating around pairs of homologous chromosomes, helping to regulate the process during meiosis.
During meiosis, when chromosomes duplicate and then separate into two daughter cells, homologous chromosomes pair up and form an "X-structure" through a process called strand exchange. This interaction is initiated by a programmed double-strand break. Once a break occurs, a mechanism known as "cross-interference" prevents additional breaks from forming nearby, ensuring proper pairing and recombination.
When a crossover event takes place, it alters the local structure of the chromosome, causing it to stretch. These structural changes may also serve as a feedback mechanism to limit further crossover events, maintaining genomic stability.
This discovery sheds light on how genetic material is accurately distributed during reproduction and could have important implications for understanding genetic disorders and improving fertility treatments.
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