In the field of robotics, China possesses a massive application market but still lacks core technologies. To address this, it can draw inspiration from the development model of high-speed railways—focusing on enterprise growth, achieving economic benefits through practical applications, and using real-world experience to drive further technological improvement and innovation. This approach can help China’s robotic industry not only catch up but eventually surpass its global competitors.
On September 27th, U.S. Commerce Secretary Ross made a controversial statement about China’s robotics industry, claiming that “China is faster than any country in the world in the development of industrial robots.†While it's true that China has made rapid progress in recent years, it's also important to recognize that much of this growth is based on the adoption of existing technologies. The country still relies heavily on imported high-end equipment, and core technologies remain under foreign control. As a result, there is still a significant gap between Chinese robotics companies and their international counterparts.
[Image: A diagram illustrating the state of China's robotics industry]
So, what factors are holding back China’s robot industry from reaching higher levels of development?
First, the lack of a comprehensive top-level strategy has led to chaotic growth. Since 2014, many local governments have rushed to build robot industry parks, aiming to capture market share and boost local economies. However, without proper planning, these efforts often lead to resource waste, inefficiency, and redundant construction. This not only hinders the development of truly innovative companies but also disrupts healthy market competition.
Second, the industry remains concentrated in low-end manufacturing. Despite the large number of robotics companies in China—over 800 in total—most focus on assembling low-cost, low-performance robots. Only a small percentage of companies engage in high-end research and development. Over 90% of firms have annual revenues below RMB 100 million, and even the largest domestic players lag far behind global leaders. High-end robots are still dominated by foreign brands, with over 85% of the market controlled by international companies. This is largely due to the fact that China still depends on foreign suppliers for key components like servo systems, gearboxes, and controllers.
Third, excessive imitation among companies leads to unhealthy competition. With so many firms competing on price rather than innovation, the industry suffers from a cycle of low-quality products and limited growth. This undermines long-term development, as it discourages investment in research and innovation. Without a shift toward high-value, high-tech development, the Chinese robotics sector risks stagnation.
As a key industry in China’s participation in global economic competition, the robotics sector is expected to grow significantly in the future. To achieve this, all stakeholders must work together. Companies should focus on innovation, the government should provide clear policy guidance, and the industry should move away from imitation toward differentiation.
The author believes that three main strategies should be prioritized:
First, top-level planning is essential. The government should set a strategic framework, support innovation-driven enterprises, and avoid unnecessary duplication. By coordinating resources and ensuring long-term stability, China can create a more efficient and competitive robotics industry.
Second, the industry must embrace innovation and diversity. While China is catching up in industrial robotics, it has more opportunities in service and intelligent robots. By focusing on unique solutions and high-end applications, Chinese companies can carve out their own space in the global market.
Third, local companies should leverage the domestic market. Just as China developed its high-speed rail system by integrating and improving imported technology, the robotics industry can do the same. By understanding local needs and applying innovations, Chinese firms can develop products that meet domestic demand while building the foundation for global competition.
In conclusion, China’s robotics industry has the potential to thrive if it moves beyond imitation and focuses on innovation, strategic planning, and market-driven development. With the right approach, it can not only catch up but also lead in the global robotics landscape.
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