1. What are the negative effects of lighting on the living environment?
Whether the living environment is natural, ecological and green has become a concern of the world today. The living environment is inseparable from the light environment, but whether the light environment is suitable for people, whether the atmospheric environment, the animal and plant ecological environment associated with the light environment are destroyed, and whether it ultimately affects human beings is the reality we have to face.
Since the artificial lighting, he has brought light, vitality, joy and modern civilization to mankind. At the same time, however, artificial lighting does not bring about all positive effects. He will inevitably have some negative impact on the living environment. In particular, excessive artificial lighting, for animals, plants, buildings, etc., may have a negative effect on the environment in which human beings depend for themselves, such as growth patterns, physiology and chemistry, and physical chemistry.
The concrete manifestations are: excessive artificial lighting wastes electric energy and aggravates air pollution; the brightness of the night sky background is obviously improved, affecting people's normal life and scientific research activities; destroying the judgment of animals and plants on the alternating changes of the natural environment, disrupting its growth law; Light pollution affects people's physical and mental health; affects buildings through photochemical effects.
2. What is light pollution?
Light pollution generally refers to various kinds of light that affect the natural environment, adversely affect human normal life, work, rest and entertainment, damage people's ability to observe objects, cause uncomfortable feelings and damage human health.
Optical radiation from wavelengths of 10 nm to 1 mm, that is, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, and infrared radiation, may become sources of light pollution under different conditions. The various light pollution generated by artificial lighting will have a negative impact on astronomical observation, human health, transportation, animal and plant growth and ecological environment.
3. What are the common types of light pollution?
(1) According to the international law
1) Artificial daylight. Refers to Outdoor Lighting at night, shopping malls, neon lights upstairs in the hotel, light box advertising and lighting signs and site lighting. It has a serious impact on people's normal work and rest, disrupting the body's biological clock, resulting in low efficiency during daytime work. Artificial daylight can also damage birds and insects, and glare can destroy the normal reproduction of insects at night.
2) White and bright pollution. It refers to the reflection of the glass curtain wall, glazed brick wall, polished marble and various paints of the buildings in the city during the daytime when the sun is shining brightly, which is bright and bright, dazzling and dazzling. It may become the culprit in the manufacture of traffic accidents, and it will have a negative effect on nearby residential buildings. Reflected light can increase the indoor temperature, and household appliances and furniture are prone to aging, which may cause fires.
3) Color light pollution. Refers to the light pollution caused by black light, rotating light and fluorescent light in the dance hall, which is the most harmful to the human body in light pollution. The most common black light in the ballroom produces high levels of UV light and has a long lasting effect on the human body. If the human body receives this kind of radiation for a long time, it can induce nosebleeds, tooth loss, cataracts, and even leukemia and other cancers.
(2) According to the type of light pollution
1) Glare. It is the visual condition in the field of view due to the unfavorable release or range of brightness, or extreme brightness contrast in space or time, resulting in discomfort and reduced visibility of the object.
2) Interfering with light. The amount of astigmatism, direction or spectrum of light that causes discomfort, distraction, or loss of visual information in a particular situation.
3) Spilled light. Light that scatters from the illumination device and illuminates outside the illumination range.
4) Reflected light. The light from outdoor lighting passes through walls, floors or other illuminated surfaces that reflect the surrounding space and interfere with people and the environment.
5) Sky glow. Night sky light from the scattering of gas molecules and aerosols from the atmosphere, including visible and non-visible light. It consists of two separate components: natural sky glow and artificial sky glow.
4. Have you been disturbed by glare?
Glare is the most important form of light pollution in cities. When there are high-intensity objects in the field of view that are larger than the brightness level that the eye can adapt, or objects with extremely high brightness, there will be troubles, discomfort, and reduced visibility. Physically and psychologically interfered or even hurt. We know that there are two types of discomfort glare and disability glare according to their degree of influence.
When encountering uncomfortable glare, as the name suggests, the human eye will feel uncomfortable. The physiological cause of this discomfort is mainly due to the stimulation of high-intensity light, which causes the pupil to shrink, or the light scattering in the intraocular tissue such as the cornea and the lens to form a light curtain in the eye, or because the retina is stimulated by high brightness. But despite being uncomfortable, it does not necessarily reduce the visibility of the visual object. For example, the interior of a house, classroom, office, or furniture material is very bright, the light is shining on it, and the mirror reflection is made to make the eyes uncomfortable. At night, it is time to fall asleep, but the light outside the window of the room is very bright. People can't sleep; the lights installed in the classroom don't have enough shading angles. Just look up the teacher and see a row of light-emitting tubes that are neither comfortable nor distracting. These uncomfortable glare interferences are almost met by everyone.
If you encounter disability glare, it will reduce the visibility of the visual object, which will reduce people's visual function. For example, if the steel-making workers do not have the glasses in front of the blast furnace, the newly-released molten iron will burn the eyes of the people; some street lamps have no light-cutting measures, and the glare of the street lamps makes the eyes of the drivers and pedestrians unable to see the direction; some drivers When driving at night, the headlights are turned on for a long time. The pedestrians across the road can't see anything at all. The eyes must go through some effort to gradually see the objects. This is the interference of disability glare. In particular, the LED flashlight has high brightness and strong directivity. Such flashlight should not directly illuminate the human face; the laser pointer is very clear on the projection screen, but it cannot be illuminated to the human eye. Stab, reducing or even losing visual function.
In short, we must take measures to limit glare pollution, build a harmonious light environment, and avoid glare interference as much as possible.