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Report analysis of DNA
Methylation
High-throughput methods mostly rely on reference genomes, but many species lack such resources. Recently, Austrian researchers have developed a groundbreaking method to analyze DNA methylation without a reference genome. The findings were published this week in Cell Reports.
The first author of the study, Johanna Klughammer from the CeMM Center for Molecular Medicine Research at the Austrian Academy of Sciences, and her team introduced RefFreeDMA, a novel approach that combines simplified reduced bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) with advanced computational analysis.
This method leverages the non-random distribution of DNA methylation in vertebrates, particularly the prevalence of CpG sites. By using restriction enzymes like Mspl and Taql, which are insensitive to methylation, the researchers generated RRBS libraries that capture methylation patterns effectively.
The team validated their approach across nine species, including human, mouse, cow, dog, chicken, salmon, and zebrafish. They significantly improved coverage, increasing the number of CpG sites analyzed from 2.5 million to 4 million.
RefFreeDMA is a Linux-based pipeline that processes RRBS reads by identifying consistent sequences across samples. It uses the presence of cytosine and thymine to infer methylation status, as methylated cytosines are more likely to be retained during sequencing.
Once a genome was reconstructed, the researchers compared it to known reference genomes using BSMAP/RRBSMPA. They found that the methylation levels between the two methods were highly consistent, with over 80% of deduced fragments aligning well with the human genome.
"When we mapped alignment positions of representative chromosomes, we found that the two methods are in good agreement," the researchers noted. "For all samples and species, the DNA methylation values obtained by both approaches are also highly consistent."
This technique is not only useful for wild populations but also applicable to agricultural and aquaculture samples, offering a powerful tool for epigenetic research in diverse species.
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